Affecting U.S. Policy Toward Latin America: An Analysis of Lower-Level Officials - Case Studies of Guatemala 1954, Costa Rica 1948, Present-day Bolivia and President Morales, Anti-Communist Hysteria

Nonfiction, History, Americas, Latin America, Social & Cultural Studies, Political Science, Government, Communism & Socialism
Cover of the book Affecting U.S. Policy Toward Latin America: An Analysis of Lower-Level Officials - Case Studies of Guatemala 1954, Costa Rica 1948, Present-day Bolivia and President Morales, Anti-Communist Hysteria by Progressive Management, Progressive Management
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Author: Progressive Management ISBN: 9780463205990
Publisher: Progressive Management Publication: June 9, 2018
Imprint: Smashwords Edition Language: English
Author: Progressive Management
ISBN: 9780463205990
Publisher: Progressive Management
Publication: June 9, 2018
Imprint: Smashwords Edition
Language: English

This excellent 2018 report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction.

In this paper, I examined U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, primarily during the Cold War. I sought to answer the following questions: (1) What factors influenced the behavior of lower-level U.S. officials stationed in Latin America at the time? and (2) How much policy-affecting agency did these officials have? Using primary source documentation contained in the State Department's Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) volumes to the maximum extent possible, I examined the following case studies: Guatemala circa 1954, Costa Rica circa 1948, and lastly, present-day Bolivia. In my research and analysis, I shed light on the dynamic that existed between Washington policymakers and lower-level officials stationed in-region, mainly ambassadors. My analysis resulted in the following conclusions: (1) anti-communist Cold War hysteria clouded the judgment of lower-level officials, (2) pressure from Washington elites largely influenced the behavior of these officials, and (3) U.S. officials stationed in-region had relatively little policy-affecting agency. Ultimately, I make a case for a U.S. foreign policy apparatus that empowers lower-level officials stationed in-region. This arrangement will prove most effective in observing, analyzing, and appreciating the nuances present in foreign countries, which would result in a flexible and tailored U.S. foreign policy.

I. INTRODUCTION * A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION * B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * 1. Exaggerated Fear of Communism in Latin America * 2. U.S. Paternalistic Image of Latin America * 3. Lack of Latin Americanists * D. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES * E. RESEARCH DESIGN * F. THESIS OVERVIEW AND DRAFT CHAPTER OUTLINE * II. REFORM AND REACTION IN GUATEMALA * A. INTRODUCTION TO GUATEMALAN CASE STUDY * B. WHERE THE CURRENT DEBATE STANDS * C. AMBASSADOR KYLE'S RESPONSE TO A REVOLUTION, 1945-48 * D. PASSING AMBASSADOR PATTERSON'S "DUCK TEST," 1948-51. * E. THE "RED MENACE" CONTINUES TO RISE: AMBASSADOR SCHOENFELD, 1951-53 * F. MAN ON AN ANTI-COMMUNIST MISSION: AMBASSADOR PEURIFOY, 1953-54 * G. CONCLUSIONS REGARDING GUATEMALAN CASE STUDY * III. COSTA RICA AND PRESIDENT FIGUERES * A. INTRODUCTION TO COSTA RICAN CASE STUDY * B. PRESIDENT RAFAEL CALDERON GUARDIA, 1940-44 * C. PRESIDENT TEODORO PICADO MICHALSKI, 1944-48 * D. PRESIDENT JOSE FIGUERES FERRER: 1948-49 AND 1953-58 * E. CONSISTENCY IN U.S. POLICY DESPITE DIFFERENT OUTCOMES * F. ANALYSIS OF AGENCY OF LOWER-LEVEL U.S. OFFICIALS * IV. A CONTEMPORARY CASE STUDY: EVO MORALES IN BOLIVIA * A. INTRODUCTION TO BOLIVIAN CASE STUDY * B. A CONTROVERSIAL FIGURE RISES IN BOLIVIA * C. U.S. OFFICIALS' REACTIONS TO MORALES * D. MORALES' S MOTIVES AND AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTS * E. FINAL THOUGHTS ON MORALES-BOLIVIA CASE STUDY * V. CONCLUSION AND FINAL THOUGHTS * A. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS CHAPTERS * B. LIMITATIONS OF THIS PROJECT * C. THEN AND NOW IN U.S. FOREIGN POLICY * D. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS ON THE ISSUE OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart

This excellent 2018 report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction.

In this paper, I examined U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America, primarily during the Cold War. I sought to answer the following questions: (1) What factors influenced the behavior of lower-level U.S. officials stationed in Latin America at the time? and (2) How much policy-affecting agency did these officials have? Using primary source documentation contained in the State Department's Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) volumes to the maximum extent possible, I examined the following case studies: Guatemala circa 1954, Costa Rica circa 1948, and lastly, present-day Bolivia. In my research and analysis, I shed light on the dynamic that existed between Washington policymakers and lower-level officials stationed in-region, mainly ambassadors. My analysis resulted in the following conclusions: (1) anti-communist Cold War hysteria clouded the judgment of lower-level officials, (2) pressure from Washington elites largely influenced the behavior of these officials, and (3) U.S. officials stationed in-region had relatively little policy-affecting agency. Ultimately, I make a case for a U.S. foreign policy apparatus that empowers lower-level officials stationed in-region. This arrangement will prove most effective in observing, analyzing, and appreciating the nuances present in foreign countries, which would result in a flexible and tailored U.S. foreign policy.

I. INTRODUCTION * A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION * B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * 1. Exaggerated Fear of Communism in Latin America * 2. U.S. Paternalistic Image of Latin America * 3. Lack of Latin Americanists * D. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES * E. RESEARCH DESIGN * F. THESIS OVERVIEW AND DRAFT CHAPTER OUTLINE * II. REFORM AND REACTION IN GUATEMALA * A. INTRODUCTION TO GUATEMALAN CASE STUDY * B. WHERE THE CURRENT DEBATE STANDS * C. AMBASSADOR KYLE'S RESPONSE TO A REVOLUTION, 1945-48 * D. PASSING AMBASSADOR PATTERSON'S "DUCK TEST," 1948-51. * E. THE "RED MENACE" CONTINUES TO RISE: AMBASSADOR SCHOENFELD, 1951-53 * F. MAN ON AN ANTI-COMMUNIST MISSION: AMBASSADOR PEURIFOY, 1953-54 * G. CONCLUSIONS REGARDING GUATEMALAN CASE STUDY * III. COSTA RICA AND PRESIDENT FIGUERES * A. INTRODUCTION TO COSTA RICAN CASE STUDY * B. PRESIDENT RAFAEL CALDERON GUARDIA, 1940-44 * C. PRESIDENT TEODORO PICADO MICHALSKI, 1944-48 * D. PRESIDENT JOSE FIGUERES FERRER: 1948-49 AND 1953-58 * E. CONSISTENCY IN U.S. POLICY DESPITE DIFFERENT OUTCOMES * F. ANALYSIS OF AGENCY OF LOWER-LEVEL U.S. OFFICIALS * IV. A CONTEMPORARY CASE STUDY: EVO MORALES IN BOLIVIA * A. INTRODUCTION TO BOLIVIAN CASE STUDY * B. A CONTROVERSIAL FIGURE RISES IN BOLIVIA * C. U.S. OFFICIALS' REACTIONS TO MORALES * D. MORALES' S MOTIVES AND AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTS * E. FINAL THOUGHTS ON MORALES-BOLIVIA CASE STUDY * V. CONCLUSION AND FINAL THOUGHTS * A. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS CHAPTERS * B. LIMITATIONS OF THIS PROJECT * C. THEN AND NOW IN U.S. FOREIGN POLICY * D. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS ON THE ISSUE OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

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