Patho-Epigenetics of Disease

Nonfiction, Health & Well Being, Medical, Medical Science, Microbiology, Ailments & Diseases, Infectious Diseases, General
Cover of the book Patho-Epigenetics of Disease by , Springer New York
View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart
Author: ISBN: 9781461433453
Publisher: Springer New York Publication: June 14, 2012
Imprint: Springer Language: English
Author:
ISBN: 9781461433453
Publisher: Springer New York
Publication: June 14, 2012
Imprint: Springer
Language: English

In multicellular organisms the establishment, maintenance, and programmed alterations of cell-type specific gene expression patterns are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, DNA associated Polycomb-Trithorax protein complexes, histone modifications) ensure the unique transcriptional activity and phenotypic diversity of diploid cells that carry identical or nearly identical DNA sequences.

Because DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1) associates with replication foci during S phase and prefers hemimethylated DNA as a substrate, DNMT1 ensures the clonal propagation of cytosine methylation patterns (maintenance methylation). Thus, DNA methylation may provide a memory function by helping progeny cells to “remember” their proper cellular identity.

An alternative system of epigenetic memory, the Polycomb and Trithorax groups of protein complexes, that may operate both independently from and in concert with DNA methylation, ensures the heritable regulation of gene expression via modification of histone tails.

The complex interplay of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms permits both the dynamic modulation of gene expression and the faithful transmission of gene expression patterns to each progeny cell upon division. These carefully orchestrated processes can go wrong, however, resulting in epigenetic reprogramming of the cells that may manifest in pathological changes, as it was first realized during the studies of epigenetic alterations in malignant tumors. By now it became a well established fact that not only genetic changes, but also the disruption of epigenetic regulation can result in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Scientists working in other fields soon followed the pioneering work of cancer researchers, and revealed that epigenetic dysregulation forms the basis of a wide spectrum of human diseases.

View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart

In multicellular organisms the establishment, maintenance, and programmed alterations of cell-type specific gene expression patterns are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, DNA associated Polycomb-Trithorax protein complexes, histone modifications) ensure the unique transcriptional activity and phenotypic diversity of diploid cells that carry identical or nearly identical DNA sequences.

Because DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1) associates with replication foci during S phase and prefers hemimethylated DNA as a substrate, DNMT1 ensures the clonal propagation of cytosine methylation patterns (maintenance methylation). Thus, DNA methylation may provide a memory function by helping progeny cells to “remember” their proper cellular identity.

An alternative system of epigenetic memory, the Polycomb and Trithorax groups of protein complexes, that may operate both independently from and in concert with DNA methylation, ensures the heritable regulation of gene expression via modification of histone tails.

The complex interplay of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms permits both the dynamic modulation of gene expression and the faithful transmission of gene expression patterns to each progeny cell upon division. These carefully orchestrated processes can go wrong, however, resulting in epigenetic reprogramming of the cells that may manifest in pathological changes, as it was first realized during the studies of epigenetic alterations in malignant tumors. By now it became a well established fact that not only genetic changes, but also the disruption of epigenetic regulation can result in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Scientists working in other fields soon followed the pioneering work of cancer researchers, and revealed that epigenetic dysregulation forms the basis of a wide spectrum of human diseases.

More books from Springer New York

Cover of the book Island Disputes and Maritime Regime Building in East Asia by
Cover of the book Facebook Nation by
Cover of the book The Social Psychology of Facial Appearance by
Cover of the book Clinical Information Systems by
Cover of the book HIV/AIDS Treatment in Resource Poor Countries by
Cover of the book A Student's Guide Through the Great Physics Texts by
Cover of the book Earth System Monitoring by
Cover of the book Optimization and Optimal Control by
Cover of the book Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes by
Cover of the book An Introduction to Mathematical Finance with Applications by
Cover of the book Exceptional Children by
Cover of the book Ultra-Low Power Integrated Circuit Design by
Cover of the book Nuclear Energy by
Cover of the book Ethnic Differences in Fertility and Assisted Reproduction by
Cover of the book Fjords by
We use our own "cookies" and third party cookies to improve services and to see statistical information. By using this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy