The Chemistry of Zirconacycles and 2,6-Diazasemibullvalenes

Synthesis, Structures, Reactions, and Applications in the Synthesis of Novel N-Heterocycles

Nonfiction, Science & Nature, Science, Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical, Organic
Cover of the book The Chemistry of Zirconacycles and 2,6-Diazasemibullvalenes by Shaoguang Zhang, Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Author: Shaoguang Zhang ISBN: 9783662450215
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Publication: November 5, 2014
Imprint: Springer Language: English
Author: Shaoguang Zhang
ISBN: 9783662450215
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publication: November 5, 2014
Imprint: Springer
Language: English

In this thesis, the author introduces two strategies used to construct various types of N-heterocycles, based on the chemistry of zirconacycles and 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes. In the first part, the author presents the development of multi-component cyclization of a zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compound, nitriles and unsaturated compounds. These reactions provide synthetically useful methodology for various N-heterocycles such as 3-acyl pyrrole, pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyridazine and dihydropyrroloazepine, which are all difficult to synthesize by other means. The isolation and characterization of the key three-fused-ring Zr/Si-containing intermediates are also described in detail. These results show that the zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compound behaves as a “chemical transformer” upon treatment with various substrates via the “coordination-induced skeleton rearrangement” mechanism. In the second part, the author demonstrates the synthesis and isolation of a series of 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes (NSBVs) from the reaction of 1,4-dilithio-1,3-dienes and nitriles, highlighting the significant progress made for the first time in this work: (1) determination of X-ray crystal structure of a substituted 2,6-diazasemibullvalene; (2) measurement of the activation barrier of its rapid intramolecular aza-Cope rearrangement in solution; (3) exploration of several reaction types of NSBV with diverse ring-expansion products and “bowl-shape” or “cage-shape” N-containing polycyclic skeletons; (4) demonstration of the localized structure as the predominant form and the homoaromatic delocalized structure as a minor component in the equilibrium using theoretical analysis. Based on well-founded results, this work sheds new light on this controversial topic.

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In this thesis, the author introduces two strategies used to construct various types of N-heterocycles, based on the chemistry of zirconacycles and 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes. In the first part, the author presents the development of multi-component cyclization of a zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compound, nitriles and unsaturated compounds. These reactions provide synthetically useful methodology for various N-heterocycles such as 3-acyl pyrrole, pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyridazine and dihydropyrroloazepine, which are all difficult to synthesize by other means. The isolation and characterization of the key three-fused-ring Zr/Si-containing intermediates are also described in detail. These results show that the zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compound behaves as a “chemical transformer” upon treatment with various substrates via the “coordination-induced skeleton rearrangement” mechanism. In the second part, the author demonstrates the synthesis and isolation of a series of 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes (NSBVs) from the reaction of 1,4-dilithio-1,3-dienes and nitriles, highlighting the significant progress made for the first time in this work: (1) determination of X-ray crystal structure of a substituted 2,6-diazasemibullvalene; (2) measurement of the activation barrier of its rapid intramolecular aza-Cope rearrangement in solution; (3) exploration of several reaction types of NSBV with diverse ring-expansion products and “bowl-shape” or “cage-shape” N-containing polycyclic skeletons; (4) demonstration of the localized structure as the predominant form and the homoaromatic delocalized structure as a minor component in the equilibrium using theoretical analysis. Based on well-founded results, this work sheds new light on this controversial topic.

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