The Soviet Biological Weapons Program and Its Legacy in Today's Russia: Innovation Using Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering, the Biopreparat BW Program, Biography of Smirnov

Nonfiction, History, Military, Biological & Chemical Warfare, Asian, Russia
Cover of the book The Soviet Biological Weapons Program and Its Legacy in Today's Russia: Innovation Using Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering, the Biopreparat BW Program, Biography of Smirnov by Progressive Management, Progressive Management
View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart
Author: Progressive Management ISBN: 9781370047154
Publisher: Progressive Management Publication: January 22, 2017
Imprint: Smashwords Edition Language: English
Author: Progressive Management
ISBN: 9781370047154
Publisher: Progressive Management
Publication: January 22, 2017
Imprint: Smashwords Edition
Language: English

This excellent report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. President Richard M. Nixon's November 25, 1969, terminated the U.S. offensive biological weapons program on November 25, 1969. This paper seeks to explain why the Soviet government, at approximately the same time, decided to do essentially the opposite, namely, to establish a large biological warfare (BW) program that would be driven by newly discovered and powerful biotechnologies. By introducing the innovation of recombinant DNA technology—commonly referred to as genetic engineering—the Soviets were attempting to create bacterial and viral strains that were more useful for military purposes than were strains found in nature.

Nixon's decision was widely publicized and documents revealing the reasons behind it are, in the main, available to the public in the National Archives, the Nixon Presidential Library in San Clemente, California, and publications written by members of the Nixon administration. In sharp contrast, the Soviet decision was highly secret at the time and remains so to this day. All contemporary documents pertaining to the Soviet offensive BW program remain classified and none of the military officers and officials who operated it has spoken or written about it except to deny that it existed or to belie its offensive intent.

The information that has become available about the program has been divulged by scientists and administrators who previously worked in the civilian component of the Soviet BW program, called Biopreparat. Some of them had defected to Western countries and there told their stories, while others chose to remain in Russia after the Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991 and later divulged details of their past secret activities in their own publications, or in broadcasts or print interviews. However, Biopreparat employees, even those who held managerial positions, did not have sufficiently high clearances to be informed about high-level BW-related decisionmaking. Decisions such as those that instituted what in effect was a new BW program, and ordered the Soviet Ministry of Defense (MOD) to develop strategies and tactics for the use of biological weapons, were made at the highest levels by members of the Politburo and Central Committee of the Communist Party (CCCP) and the MOD's General Staff (GS).

View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart

This excellent report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. President Richard M. Nixon's November 25, 1969, terminated the U.S. offensive biological weapons program on November 25, 1969. This paper seeks to explain why the Soviet government, at approximately the same time, decided to do essentially the opposite, namely, to establish a large biological warfare (BW) program that would be driven by newly discovered and powerful biotechnologies. By introducing the innovation of recombinant DNA technology—commonly referred to as genetic engineering—the Soviets were attempting to create bacterial and viral strains that were more useful for military purposes than were strains found in nature.

Nixon's decision was widely publicized and documents revealing the reasons behind it are, in the main, available to the public in the National Archives, the Nixon Presidential Library in San Clemente, California, and publications written by members of the Nixon administration. In sharp contrast, the Soviet decision was highly secret at the time and remains so to this day. All contemporary documents pertaining to the Soviet offensive BW program remain classified and none of the military officers and officials who operated it has spoken or written about it except to deny that it existed or to belie its offensive intent.

The information that has become available about the program has been divulged by scientists and administrators who previously worked in the civilian component of the Soviet BW program, called Biopreparat. Some of them had defected to Western countries and there told their stories, while others chose to remain in Russia after the Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991 and later divulged details of their past secret activities in their own publications, or in broadcasts or print interviews. However, Biopreparat employees, even those who held managerial positions, did not have sufficiently high clearances to be informed about high-level BW-related decisionmaking. Decisions such as those that instituted what in effect was a new BW program, and ordered the Soviet Ministry of Defense (MOD) to develop strategies and tactics for the use of biological weapons, were made at the highest levels by members of the Politburo and Central Committee of the Communist Party (CCCP) and the MOD's General Staff (GS).

More books from Progressive Management

Cover of the book Reflections of a Middling Cold Warrior: Should the Army Air Corps Be Resurrected? The Case for an Autonomous Air Force, World War II, Nuclear Weapons, Aviation Technologies, Personalities, Cultures by Progressive Management
Cover of the book Village Stability Operations (VSO) in Afghanistan: Comparing Past Counterinsurgencies for Future Applications - Special Operations COIN, Philippine War, Malayan Emergency, Taliban, Karzai by Progressive Management
Cover of the book NASA Oral History Project: Part One - Shuttle-Mir Space Station with Russian Cosmonauts and American Astronauts, Featuring John Blaha, Frank Culbertson, Bonnie Dunbar, Joe Engle, and Bill Gerstenmaier by Progressive Management
Cover of the book U.S. Billion-Ton Update: Biomass Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry - Comprehensive Survey of All Sources of Biomass Energy, Energy Crops, Forest Biomass, Wood Waste, Agricultural Waste by Progressive Management
Cover of the book Lessons from the Normandy Invasion of World War II: Staff Development, Deception Operations, and Force Projection - Complexity of Planning, Sluggish Progress, Signals Intelligence and SHAEF Staff by Progressive Management
Cover of the book The Strategic and Political Impacts of Collateral Damage from Strike Warfare: Air Campaigns and Bombing Damage in Korea, Vietnam, Kosovo, Target Selection, Ebb and Flow of Limitations by Progressive Management
Cover of the book Atoms for Peace and War 1953-1961: Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) - Oppenheimer, Debates about Test Ban, Disarmament, Nuclear War, Fallout, Power Reactors, Teller, Clean Bomb by Progressive Management
Cover of the book Arab Threat Perceptions and the Future of the U.S. Military Presence in the Middle East: Egypt, Jordan, and Gulf Monarchies, Syrian Civil War, Iran War, al-Qaeda, Terrorism, ISIS, Sunni, Iranians by Progressive Management
Cover of the book Measuring the Immeasurable: An Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Engineering Civic Assistance Projects Towards Achieving National Security Objectives - Humanitarian Efforts by World Vision by Progressive Management
Cover of the book 21st Century U.S. Military Manuals: Railway Operating and Safety Rules Field Manual - FM 55-21 (Value-Added Professional Format Series) by Progressive Management
Cover of the book The Punitive Expedition into Mexico 1916: Political - Military Insights, President Wilson and the Response to Pancho Villa's Raid on New Mexico, General Pershing, Mexican Revolution by Progressive Management
Cover of the book Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill: Report on the Causes of the April 20, 2010 Macondo Well Blowout by Progressive Management
Cover of the book 21st Century Pocket Guide to the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis: USNA Programs, Admissions, Cadet Life, History by Progressive Management
Cover of the book Army National Guard (ARNG) Special Forces (SF) Units: The Standard and the Future - Special Operations for Unconventional Warfare, Core Competencies, Soldier's Personal Perspective by Progressive Management
Cover of the book Complete Guide to Women in Military Combat: Implementation of the Decision to Open All Ground Combat Units to Women, Cultural Issues, Congressional Action, Army Plans and Actions, Impact on Marines by Progressive Management
We use our own "cookies" and third party cookies to improve services and to see statistical information. By using this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy