World War II Japanese American Internment Reports: Japanese Americans in World War II: A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study - Historic Context, Relocation Centers, Detention Facilities

Professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction, this is a unique federal report providing information on the facilities used in the World War II internment of Japanese Americans as part of the National Historic Landmarks Program of the National Park Service. "Commemorating sites related to Japanese Americans' wartime experience should foster the preservation of these sites. Their preservation will make them viable tools for public education and on-going reminders of a shared remorse over the treatment of a group of American citizens. As eligible properties are designated National Historic Landmarks, they will be commemorated as tangible reminders that government initiatives — even those taken in the guise of public safety — can be extreme, discriminatory, contrary to basic freedoms we embrace, and a violation of individual rights."

Part 1 - Introduction * Part 2 - Historic Context * The Prelude To Relocation * Removal * Confinement * Alternatives To Confinement * Resistance And Legal Challenges * Freedom Restored * Retrospective * Part 3 - Associated Property Types * WCCA Assembly Centers * WRA Relocation Centers * Internment/Detention Facilities * U.S. Army Facilities * Japanese American Wartime Communities * Other Property Types * Part 4 - Survey Methodology * Table 2. Wartime Properties Not Specified In Public Law 102-248 * Part 5 - Registration Guidelines For National Historic Landmarks * Evaluation Challenges * National Historic Landmark Criteria For Evaluation * National Historic Landmark Exceptions * Applying The Criteria * Applying Criterion 1 * Applying Criterion 2 * Applying Criterion 4 * Applying Criterion 5 * Applying Criterion 6 * Applying The Exceptions * Evaluating Aboveground Integrity * Evaluating Archeological Integrity * Part 6 - Survey Results * WCCA Assembly Centers * Fresno Assembly Center * Marysville Assembly Center (Arboga Assembly Center) * Mayer Assembly Center * Merced Assembly Center * Pinedale Assembly Center * Pomona Assembly Center * Portland Assembly Center * Puyallup Assembly Center * Sacramento Assembly Center (Walerga Assembly Center) * Salinas Assembly Center * Stockton Assembly Center * Tulare Assembly Center * Turlock Assembly Center * WAR RELOCATION AUTHORITY RELOCATION CENTERS * Relocation Centers Designated National Historic Landmarks * Granada Relocation Center (Camp Amache) * Heart Mountain Relocation Center * Manzanar Relocation Center * Rohwer Relocation Center and Memorial Cemetery * Topaz Relocation Center (Central Utah Relocation Center) * Tule Lake Relocation Center/Tule Lake Segregation Center * Other WRA Relocation Centers * Gila River Relocation Center * Jerome Relocation Center * Minidoka Relocation Center * Poston Relocation Center (Colorado River Relocation Center)/Parker Dam Reception Center * Ancillary Relocation Center Facilities (WRA) * Antelope Springs * Cow Creek Camp * INTERNMENT/DETENTION FACILITIES * Department of Justice Facilities * Catalina Prison Camp (BOP facility) * Crystal City Internment Camp (INS facility) * Fort Lincoln Internment Camp (INS facility) * Fort Missoula Internment Camp (INS facility) * Fort Stanton Internment Camp (INS facility) * Kenedy Internment Camp (INS facility) * Kooskia Internment Camp (INS facility) * Old Raton Ranch Camp (INS facility) * Santa Fe Internment Camp (INS facility) * Seagoville Internment Camp (INS facility) * Sharp Park Detention Facility (INS facility) * U.S. Federal Penitentiary, Leavenworth (BOP facility) * U.S. Federal Penitentiary, McNeil Island (BOP facility) * U.S. Immigration Station, Ellis Island (INS facility) * U.S. Immigration Station, Oahu (INS facility) * War Relocation Authority Detention Facilities * Leupp Isolation Camp * Moab Isolation Center * Camp Tulelake * Other Internment/Detention Facilities